Your ID #: ________________________

Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions. Each question is worth 2 points.

Please select the BEST choice for each item and put the letter in the blank space.

_____ 1. Which one of the following examples of magical thinking illustrates the “law of similarity” aspect of magical thinking?

a) A kid who refuses to eat a piece of cake that looks like a brain.

b) A fan’s belief that if he turns the TV on using the pinkie finger of his left hand, the team he is rooting for will win.

c) A bitter and hateful man who refuses to wear a brand new hat that was given to him by his ex-wife.

d) A little boy who thinks girls are gross refuses to use a swing at recess because a girl just used it.

_____ 2. You are a member of a sorority. When you are asked to describe a rival sorority, you say that they are all spoiled rich brats (and they say the same about your sorority). However, when you are asked to describe your own sorority, you talk about your fellow sorority sisters in very positive terms and you talk about how diverse the members of your sorority are. Which of the following items have NOT been illustrated by this example?

a) Out-group homogeneity

b) In-group differentiation

c) Thought suppression

d) The ultimate attribution error

_____ 3. Imagine that you are very tired this morning because you were up until 4 am studying for a psychology exam. You started studying last night at 8 pm thinking that it would take you two hours to study for the exam, but it ended up taking you eight hours. You are a victim of the _____

a) Perseverance effect

b) False-consensus effect

c) Affect infusion model

d) Planning Fallacy

_____ 4. As reported in your textbook on pg 91, recent research indicates that airbags and anti-lock brakes do not lead to significantly fewer injuries or repairs, yet, (as the cognitive-experiential self-theory would predict), because of _____ these items have been installed on millions of vehicles.

a) priming

b) the affect infusion model

c) intuitive thinking

d) the planning fallacy

_____ 5. One reason that stereotypes are linked to prejudice is because of _____, which involves the tendency to perceive a stronger relationship between two variables than actually exists (such as believing that there is a stronger link between race and crime than there actually is)

a) the ultimate attribution error

b) tokenism

c) an illusory correlation

d) the common in-group identity model

Part 2: Definitions (5 pts each)

Choose 2 out of the 4 terms below. Define each of the chosen terms, and provide a

REAL WORLD or EMPIRICAL example that illustrates it.

Then, explain how each of the chosen terms illustrates that human judgment/decision making

is relative/inconsistent.

Framing Effect

Representativeness Heuristic

The Halo Effect

The Endowment Effect

Part 3: Study Details. Each study is worth 15 points.

ONLY Choose 2 out of the 4 studies listed below.

For the two you choose, describe the set-up or the methods of the study (including the different conditions present), report the key findings from the study, & tell me the main conclusion drawn.

A) Langer’s Lottery Ticket Study B) Hovland & Sear’s Lynching Study

C) Stone’s Golfing Study D) Rosenthal’s Pygmalion in the Classroom Study:

(note: for this study focus only on grades 1 and 2)

Choice #1 ______

Choice #2 ______

Part 4: Short Answer part A (be brief!): 5 pts

Answer 1 of the 2 questions below.

1) Tell me a) what counterfactual thinking is, b) what Gilovich’s research on Olympic medallists found with regard to counterfactual thinking and c) when counterfactual thinking is most likely to happen.

2) Tell me what the “hot hand” phenomenom is and whether it exists. Be sure to tell me what the two statistical techniques used to test the “hot hand” were and how the results from those tests showed that it either does or does NOT exist.

Part 4: Short Answer part B: 20 pts

Answer 1 of the 2 questions below.

1) One of the main findings of Patricia Devine’s research on modern prejudice is that low-prejudice people feel more compunction about acting in a prejudiced manner than high prejudiced people. In addition to that finding, we discussed four main tenets her research. First, tell me what those tenets were. Second, tell me how her non-conscious priming study using “Donald” related to these tenets.

2) First, explain to me the basic concept of stereotype threat and tell me how Claude Steele has demonstrated its impact on the academic performance of African-American students. Second, tell me whether stereotype threat has a greater impact on stronger or weaker students and why. Finally, identify two effects (other than having a deleterious effect on test performance) that Steele found to be associated with African-Americans taking a test under stereotype threat conditions.

Your Choice: #_____

Part 5. The Essay. Worth 25 points.

Much of this most recent section of the course dealt with prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. We talked about motivations behind stereotypes as well as successful and unsuccessful attempts at reducing prejudice. For this essay, first take me through Muzafer Sherif’s Classic study on the Robber’s Cave Summer Camp giving me just the details of each phase of the study. Second, after you have finished describing the details of the study explain to me how it illustrates one of the primary motives behind stereotypes and prejudice. Third, explain to me what the contact hypothesis is and how the Robber’s Cave study showed how the contact hypothesis can be both ineffective and successful in reducing prejudice.

Extra Blank page (if you need it)

EXTRA CREDIT (3 pts). Tell me what three of the main results were from Aronson’s implementation of the jigsaw classroom concept (a concept derived from the results of the Robber’s Cave study) in public schools in Austin, Texas.