The Physics of Music

An Activities-Based Course developed by Deva O'Neil

References: Physics of Music and Musical Instruments, a free ebook by David Lapp

 Holmes Lecture on the Physics of Brass Instruments

Required Materials: Headphones, 3-ring binder (recommended), calculator

 

Schedule of Topics.

Hands-on activities are shown in color (each page gives equipment list, associated handout(s), and instructions).
Lectures shown in bold.

Week
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
1   Syllabus [doc]

Physics of Music [ppt]

Light vs. Sound [ppt]

Demo:
Vacuum Pump & Ballooon
Air Pressure


Demo: Coat Hanger Amplifier

Waves on a String [PhET] [doc]

 Representing Waves [doc]
   (introduces Mathematica)

 Properties of Sound

 Sound Lab [nb] [pdf]
   (Mathematica)

 Scientific Notation [doc]

 The Decibel  
   (uses Decibel Simulation)

 Sound Intensity [doc]

 Interference and Beats

  Superposition of Waves
Week 1 Quiz

 Beats [nb] [pdf] (Mathematica)
 
 History of Chords
 Intervals and Chords

 Chords [nb] [pdf]
(Mathematica)
2 Two-Source Interference

Demo: Interference with Transparencies

Interference Lab
Standing Waves and Resonant 
   Frequencies


Standing Waves [doc]

Standing Waves: Strings
Sound Waves in Pipes [doc]
with Vertical Pipe Experiment

Applications of resonance [ppt]

Workshop: Prezi
Resonance Tubes

Practice Quiz

Guest Presentation: Pipe Organ
  (By Dr. Larry Taylor)
Week 2 Quiz

Demo: Reubens tube

Applications of Resonance Lab
3 Overtones (Example)
 
(uses The Wave Game)

Demos: Glowing Pickle,
    Discharge Lamps

Frequency Spectra
Harmonics in Mathematica [doc]
Temperament Worksheet [doc]
(Mathematica)

Temperaments
[Prezi]

Handout on cents [doc]
Student presentations

12+ Tone Scales

Handout on Scales [doc]
    (Mathematica)

19+ tone temperaments [doc]     (Mathematica)
Student presentations

Vibrating Bar Demo

Physics of the Marimba
(pp 97-100 of Lapp)

Student presentations

Summary Worksheet

Evaluations

11 Lectures and mini-lectures, 10 hands-on activity sessions, 8 Mathematica Labs, 7 group work exercises, 7 demos, including a pipe organ performance.

Basic Equipment List

• Function Generators (I use PASCO Digital Function Generator - Amplifier, PI -9587C)
• Oscilloscope
• small microphones (clip-on type, such as Tie-Clip Microphone by Radioshack, 33-3013)
• tuning forks
• LabPro interface (Vernier) / LoggerPro software, with Vernier microphones (MCA-BTA)
• other equipment as described in the various activity pages above

Selected Lecture Outlines

Lecture on 12+ Tone Scales

Physics of Music Demos

Descriptions and Photos

• Vacuum Pump with Balloon
• Coat Hanger Amplifier
• The Reubens Tube [flame tube]
• Glowing Pickle, Discharge Lamps
• Doppler Effect
• Resonant frequencies of a metal bar

AAPT meeting poster for Physics of Music

Note to Instructors:  Feel free to use any of these materials in your classes.  If you find anything on this page helpful, please drop me a note and let me know!  doneil@bridgewater.edu